题目内容：
根据下面内容，回答题 Everyproductonthemarkethasavarietyofcostsbuiltintoitbeforeitiseverputupforsaletoacustomer．Therearecostsofproduction,transportation,storage,advertising,andmore．Eachofthesecostsmustbringinsomeprofitateachstage:truckersmustprofitfromtransportingprod-
ucts,ortheywouldnotbeinbusiness．Thus,costsalsoincludeseverallayersofprofits．Thesell-ingpriceofaproductmusttakeallofthesecosts(andbuiltinprofits)intoconsideration．Thesell-ingpriceitselfconsistsofamarkupoverthetotalofallcosts,anditisnormallybasedonaper-centageofthetotalcost.
Themarkupmaybequitehigh,90percentofcost,oritmaybelow．Groceryitemsinasu-permarketusuallyhavealowmarkup,whileminkcoatshaveaveryhighone．Highmarkups,however,donotinthemselvesguaranteebigprofits．Profitscomefromturnover．Ifanitemhasa50percentmarkupanddoesnotsell,thereisnoprofit．Butifacerealhasan8percentmarkupandsellsverywell,therearereasonableprofits.
Whilemostpricingisbasedoncostfactors,therearesomeexceptions．Prestigepricingmeanssettingpricesartificiallyhighinordertoattractselectclientele．Suchpricingattemptstosuggestthatthequalityorstyleoftheproductisexceptionalorthattheitemcannotbefoundelsewhere.Storescanuseprestigepricingtoattractwealthyshoppers.
Leaderpricingandbaitpricingaretheoppositesofprestigepricing．Leaderpricingmeanssettinglowpricesoncertainitemstogetpeopletocomeintothestores．Theproductssopricedarecalledlossleadersbecauselittleornoprofitcanbemadeonthem．Theprofitsaremadefromotherproductspeoplebuywhileinthestore．Baitpricing,nowgenerallyconsideredillegal,meansset-tingartificiallylowpricestoattractcustomers．Thestore,however,hasnointentionofsellinggoodsatthebaitprices．Thepointistogetpeopleintothestoreandpersuadethemoftheinferior-ityofthelowpriceditem．Thenahigherpriceditemispresentedasabetteralternative.
Acommonretailtacticisoddpricedproducts．Forsomeproductsof$300,thestorewillsetthepriceat$295or$299.95togivetheappearanceofalowerprice．Automobilesandotherhighpricedproductsareusuallypricedinthismanner．Forsomereason$7995hasmoreappealtoapotentialcarcustomerthan$8000.
Bidpricingisaspecialkindofpricesetting．Itisoftenusedintheawardingofgovernmentcontracts．Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitbidsonajob,andnormallythelowestbidderwins．Aschoolsystemmaywanttobuyalargenumberofcomputers．Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitprices,andtheschooldistrictwilldecideonthebestbidbasedaswellonconsiderationsofqualityandservice.
Inthefirstparagraph,"markup"mostprobablymeans__________ A．theamountbywhichapriceisraised
B．margin
C．turnover
D．netprofits
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答案解析：