题目内容：
根据下面资料，回答题 In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the UnitedStates. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants and, the litigants, or parties, have to wait some-
times many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of amelio-rating the situation but, as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.
One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the systems is to allow districts thathave an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. An-other suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and theirattorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behindpretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trialwhen they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study hadshpwn that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements,and actually result in higher damage settlements.
Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums ofmoney can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In Califor-nia, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings arequite informal and there is no pleading--the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. Bygoing to this type of cams, the plaintiff waives any right to jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.
In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situationwhich must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.
The word "litigants" in Paragraph 1 refers to ______. A．judges
B．attorneys
C．persons concerned in a lawsuit
D．government officials
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