题目内容:
根据以下材料,回答题It'salmostanarticleoffaith:yourbestallyinthefightagainstcancerisadoggedlyoptimisticoutlook.Anditwouldseemthatmountingevidenceofthelinksbetweenemotionalandphysicalwell-beingwouldsupportthatview.Theonlyproblemisthatthereisnogoodevidencetosupportthatbeliefwhenitcomestocancer.Moreover,the"tyranny"ofpositivethinkingoftenbecomesjustonemoreburdenforthesick.
Itwasresearchinthe1970sand'80sthatfirstpopularizedtheideathatattitudemightaffectcanceroutcomes.Suchresearchleddoctorstoencouragepatientstothinkhappythoughtsandvisu-alizetheirimmunesystemblastingawaycancercells.Butmostofthosestudieshavebeendismissedaseitherflawedorinconclusive.Areviewof37studiesthatwaspublishedintheBritishMedicalJournalin2002foundthatalthoughapositiveoutlookdoescorrelatewiththeperceptionoflesspainbypatients-arealbenefit-thereis"littleconsistentevidencethatcopingstylesplayanimpor-tantpartinsurvivalfromorrecurrenceofcancer."
Still,theoptimismtheoryremainsattractive.OnereasonisthatAmericansliveinaculturethatdesirescontrol.Wewanttobelievethatwecanbeatcancerbyimposingourwillonthedis-ease.Abetterreasonisthatmentalstateslikedepressionandchronicanxietyhavebeenshowntohavephysicalconsequencesthataffecttheprogressionofsuchillnessesasheartdiseaseanddiabetes.Whileasimilarconnectionisbiologicallyplausibleforcancer,itisfarfromproven.
Evenresearcherswhobelievethatstudieswillultimatelyestablishlinksbetweenstressandtheprogressionofcancer,likeStanford'sDr.DavidSpiegel,knowthepictureiscomplex."Itisn'tamatterof'Fixitinyourmind,andyoufixitinyourbody,'"hesays,"butitwouldbestrangeifwhatgoesoninourmindsdidn'taffecthowourbodiesdealwithillness."
Sowheredoesthatleavecancerpatients?Doctorsknowthatindividualswillalwaysbringtheirowndisposition-sunny,sourorsarcastic-tobearontheirillnessandtreatment.Pressuringthemtobemodelsofpositivethinkingisuseless.Worse,itcouldcausethemtohidetheirfearsandrejectsupport.Butcliniciansmustremainalertforsignsofdepression,whichcanaffecttheoutcomeofanydiseaseifitinterfereswithtreatment.Andmanypatientswillalsoneed-andwelcome-helptoimprovepoorcopingskills.Spiegelsays,"Havingworkedwithpeoplewithlife-threateningillnessesfor30years,it'sclearthattherearebetterandworsewaystodealwiththesethings."Falseoptimismisn'thelpful,butneitherisdespair.
Bysaying“the‘tyranny’ofpositivethinking”(Line5,Paragraphl),theauthorprobablymeans A.peoplecannotbuttllinkoptimistically.
B.itisunfairtoforcepeopletothinkpositively.
C.peopleareadvisedtoassumeanoptimisticoutlookinlife.
D.itispositivethinkingthatprevails.
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